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- Epidermoid Cysts
Epidermoid Cysts
What are epidermoid cysts?
Epidermoid cysts are common, noncancerous growths that form under the skin. They develop when surface skin cells move deeper into the skin instead of shedding normally, creating a sac that fills with keratin, a soft protein. These cysts are typically slow-growing and often appear on the face, neck, scalp, back, or chest.
Causes
Epidermoid cysts form when skin cells become trapped beneath the surface and continue to multiply. This can occur due to blocked hair follicles, skin injury, or irritation. They are sometimes associated with acne or other inflammatory skin conditions. In rare cases, they may be linked to certain genetic conditions. Epidermoid cysts are not contagious and are not caused by poor hygiene.
Symptoms
Epidermoid cysts usually appear as small, round bumps beneath the skin and are often painless. Many have a visible central opening, called a punctum. If a cyst becomes inflamed or infected, it may become red, swollen, tender, and warm to the touch. In some cases, the cyst may drain a thick, yellowish substance with a noticeable odor.
How are epidermoid cycsts diagnosed?
Doctors can typically diagnose epidermoid cysts during a physical examination, and, in most cases, additional testing is not necessary. If a cyst has unusual features, grows rapidly, or raises concern for another condition, further evaluation may be recommended.
What are treatment options for epidermoid cysts?
Specialists at UTHealth Houston use evidence-based, minimally invasive approaches to treat epidermoid cysts. Care is tailored to each patient to minimize discomfort, scarring, and recovery time. Many small epidermoid cysts that are not causing symptoms do not require treatment. Treatment may involve draining the cyst to relieve discomfort, particularly if it is inflamed or infected. In some cases, antibiotics may be used to treat infection. A minor procedure can be performed to remove the cyst and its lining, helping reduce the likelihood of recurrence. Patients should avoid squeezing or attempting to pop a cyst, as this can worsen inflammation or lead to infection.