- UTHealth Houston Skull Base Program
- Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
What is olfactory neuroblastoma?
Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare cancer that develops in the upper part of the nasal cavity, near the nerves responsible for the sense of smell. It arises from specialized nerve cells and can grow into nearby structures, including the sinuses, eyes, and brain. The tumor typically develops slowly but can become aggressive over time.
Causes
The exact cause of olfactory neuroblastoma is not well understood. It originates from nerve cells involved in the sense of smell, but no clear environmental or genetic risk factors have been definitively identified. Ongoing research continues to explore potential contributing factors.
What are the symptoms of olfactory neuroblastoma?
Early symptoms often resemble common sinus conditions and may include persistent nasal congestion or blockage. Patients may experience frequent nosebleeds and a reduced sense of smell. As the tumor grows, symptoms can include facial pain or pressure, headaches, vision changes, or swelling around the eyes. In more advanced cases, patients may develop neurological symptoms if the tumor extends toward the brain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination and a detailed medical history. A specialist may use nasal endoscopy to examine the nasal cavity. A CT or MRI scan may be used to determine the size and extent of the tumor. A biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis by analyzing tumor tissue.
What are treatment options for olfactory neuroblastoma?
At UTHealth Houston, patients with olfactory neuroblastoma receive care from a multidisciplinary team with expertise in complex head and neck tumors. Specialists use advanced surgical techniques and targeted therapies to provide comprehensive, personalized care focused on achieving the best possible outcomes. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first step, followed by radiation to reduce the risk of recurrence. In some cases, chemotherapy may be recommended, particularly for advanced or aggressive tumors. Treatment plans are tailored to the individual patient based on tumor size, location, and overall health.